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Journal Publications
• Mudarris, M. A. & Schaefer, R. S. (submitted). Tap harder: Cognitive abilities, subjective factors, and musical properties that predict tapping force in young and older adults. <preprint>
• Derks-Dijkman, M.W., Schaefer, R.S., Baan-Wessels, L., Van Tilborg, I.D.A., & Kessels, R.P.C. (in press). Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults and persons with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Neuropsychology, epub ahead of print <link coming soon>
• Dimitriadis, T., Della Porta, D. Perschl, J., Evers, A.W.M., Magee, W., & Schaefer, R. S. (2023). Motivation and music interventions in adults: A systematic review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, epub ahead of print <pdf>  
• Volk, A., Chalkiadakis, E., Bakkes, S., Hakvoort, L., & Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Developing and evaluating a Musical Attention Control Training game application. SMC2023: Proceedings of the Sound and Music Computing Conference, Stockholm, SE <pdf> (full paper proceedings page 261)
• Williams, S., Van Ketel, J.E., & Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Practicing musical intention: The effects of external focus of attention on musicians’ skill acquisition. Music and Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043231151416 <pdf> 
• Derks-Dijkman, M.W., Schaefer, R.S., & Kessels, R.P.C. (2023). Musical mnemonics in cognitively unimpaired individuals and individuals with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A systematic review. Neuropsychology Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-023-09585-4 <pdf> 
• Derks-Dijkman, M.W., Schaefer, R.S., Stegeman, M.L., Van Tilborg, I.D.A., & Kessels, R.P.C. (2022). Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired young and older adults. Experimental Aging Research, Online first: https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2104061 <pdf>
• Floridou, G. A., Peerdeman, K., & Schaefer, R.S. (2022). Individual Differences in Mental Imagery in Different Modalities and Levels of Intentionality. Memory and Cognition 50, 21-44 <pdf>
• Pouw, W., Proksch, S., Drijvers, L., Gamba, M., Holler, J., Kello, C., Schaefer, R.S., & Wiggins, G. (2021). Rhythmic interaction when communication goes multi-modal. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 376, 20200334. <pdf>
• Harvey, A., Hou, L., Davidson-Kelly, K., Schaefer, R.S., Hong, S., Mangin, J.-F., Overy, K., & Roberts, N. (2021). Increased representation of the non-dominant hand in pianists demonstrated by measurement of 3D morphology of the central sulcus. Psychoradiology 1(2), 66-72.  <pdf>
• Agres*, K. R., Schaefer*, R.S, Volk*, A., van Hooren, S., Holzapfel, A., Bella, S. D., Müller, M., De Witte, M., Herremans, D., Ramirez, R., Neerinckx, M., Ruiz, S., Meredith, D., Dimitriadis, T., & Magee, W. L. (2021). Music, Computing, and Health: A roadmap for the current and future roles of music technology for health care and well-being. Music & Science 4, 1-32. <pdf> (*indicates shared first-authorship)
• Granot*, R., Spitz*, D., Cherki, B., Loui, P., Timmers, R., Schaefer, R.S., Vuoskoski, J.K., Cárdenas-Soler, R., Soares-Quadros Jr, J.F., Li, S, Lega, C, La Rocca, S., Martínez, I.C., Tanco, M., Marchiano, M., Martínez-Castilla, P., Pérez-Acosta, G., Martínez-Ezquerro, J.D., Gutiérrez-Blasco, I.M., Jiménez-Dabdoub, L., Coers, M., Treider, J.M., Greenberg, D.M., & Israel, S. (2021). “Help! I Need Somebody”: Music as a Global Resource for Obtaining Wellbeing Goals in Times of Crisis.  Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 648013. <pdf>
• Moore, E.V., Schaefer, R.S., Bastin, M., Roberts, N. & Overy, K. (2017). Diffusion tensor MRI tractography reveals increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in arcuate fasciculus following music-cued motor training. Brain and Cognition 116, 40-46. <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Beijer, L. J., Seuskens, W., Rietveld, T. C., & Sadakata, M. (2016). Intuitive visualization of pitch and loudness in speech. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 23(2), 548-555. <pdf>
• Davidson Kelly, K., Schaefer, R.S., Moran, N., & Overy, K. (2015). “Total Inner Memory”: Deliberate uses of multimodal musical imagery during performance preparation. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind & Brain 25(1), 83-92. <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S. & Overy, K. (2015). Motor responses to a steady beat. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337, 40-44.<pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S. (2014). Mental representations in musical processing and their role in action-perception loops. Empirical Musicology Review, 9(3-4), 161-176 <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S. (2014). Auditory rhythmic cueing in movement rehabilitation: findings and possible mechanisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 369: 20130402. <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Morcom, A.M., Roberts, N., & Overy, K. (2014). Moving to music: Effects of heard and imagined musical cues on movement-related brain activity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8:774. <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S. (2014). Images of time: Temporal aspects of auditory and movement imagination. Frontiers in Psychology: Perception Science 5:877 <pdf>
• Moore, E.V., Schaefer, R.S., Bastin, M., Roberts, N., & Overy, K. (2014). Can musical training influence brain connectivity? Evidence from diffusion tensor MRI. Brain Sciences, 4, 405-427 <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Overy, K. & Nelson, P. (2013). Affect and non-uniform characteristics of predictive processing in musical behaviour. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36(3), 226-227 (commentary on Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36(3), 181-204) <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Desain, P., & Farquhar, J. (2013). Shared processing of perception and imagery of music in decomposed EEG.  NeuroImage, 70, 317-326. <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Furuya, S., Smith, L. M., Bohannan Kaneshiro, B., & Toiviainen, P. (2012). Probing neural mechanisms of music perception, cognition and performance using multivariate decoding. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain 22(2), 168-174 <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Vlek, R.J., & Desain, P. (2011). Music perception and imagery in EEG: alpha band effects of task and stimulus. International Journal for Psychophysiology, 82(3), 254-259 <pdf>
• Vlek, R.J., Schaefer, R.S., Gielen, C.C.A.M., Farquhar, J.D., & Desain, P. (2011). Shared mechanisms in perception and imagery of auditory accents. Clinical Neurophysiology, 122(8):1526–1532 <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Sadakata, M., Blokland, Y., Farquhar, J., & Desain, P. (2011). Name that tune: decoding music from the listening brain. NeuroImage, 56, 843 – 849 <pdf>
• Schaefer, R.S., Vlek, R.J., & Desain, P. (2011). Decomposing rhythm processing: electroencephalography of perceived and self-imposed rhythmic patterns. Psychological Research, 75(2), 95-106 <pdf>
• Vlek, R.J., Schaefer, R.S., Gielen, C.C.A.M., Farquhar, J.D., & Desain, P. (2011). Sequenced subjective accents for Brain-Computer Interfaces. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(3): 036002 <pdf>, selected to be a part of JNE’s Highlights collection for 2011!
• Schaefer, R.S., Desain, P., & Suppes, P. (2009). Structural decomposition of EEG signatures of melodic processing. Biological Psychology 82, 253-259 <pdf>
• Van Gerven, M., Farquhar, J., Schaefer, R., Vlek, R., Geuze, J., Nijholt, A., Ramsey, N., Haselager, P., Vuurpijl, L., Gielen, S., & Desain, P. (2009). The brain-computer interface cycle. Journal of Neural Engineering 6(4): 041001 <pdf>
(No. 2 most cited paper in JNE of 2009-2010! <see list> )
• De Kruif, B.J., Schaefer, R.S., & Desain, P. (2007). Classification of imagined beats for use in a Brain Computer Interface. Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS (pp. 678-681). Cite Internationale, Lyon, France. <pdf>

Book chapters
• Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Imagery and movement in music-based rehabilitation and music pedagogy. In: Kussner, M. & Floridou, G., & Taruffi, L. (Eds.), Music and Mental Imagery.Taylor & Francis.
• Schaefer, R.S. & Grafton, S. T (2017). Modifying movement optimization processes with music.  In: LeSaffre, M., Maes, P.-J. & Leman, M. (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Embodied Music Interaction. Taylor & Francis.
• Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Music in the brain: Imagery and memory. In: Ashley, R. & Timmers, R. (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Music Cognition. Taylor & Francis.
•De Bruin, J.J. & Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Musical activities for cognitive enhancement in dementia.  In: Colzato, L.S. (Ed.), Handbook of Cognitive Enhancement. Springer.

Conference presentations, invited lectures and key notes 
talks, since 2015
• Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Music and stress: negative effects of disliked music. 17th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC17), August 2023, Tokyo, Japan
• Schaefer, R.S. (2022). Moved by music: applications in rehabilitation. REVAL Academy, September 2022, Hasselt, BE (invited speaker)
• Schaefer, R.S. (2022). The sound of movement: Personalization of sonification paradigms. SysMus Meeting, September 2022, Ghent, BE (keynote speaker)
• Schaefer, R.S., replaced by Mudarris, M.A. (2022). Perceptually embedded motor learning with multimodal cues NVP meeting, April 2022, Egmond aan Zee, NL
• Perschl, J., Kok, A., Wong Chung, J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Effects of musical activities on cognitive functioning in healthy elderly. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Ridell di Lorenzo, K. & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). The Musical Coping and Responsivity Scale: Developing a screening for personalized clinical practice. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Van Ketel, J.E., Schaefer, R.S., & Williams, S. (2021). Self-Regulated learning in Conservatoire students: Comparing beliefs and behaviour. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Moving to our inner music: Supporting movement learning and performance with imagery. Art in Motion, June 2021, Munich, DE/online (invited speaker)
• Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Music as a coping mechanism in times of crisis: Dutch and international findings of uses of music during the COVID-19 pandemic. Locomus meeting, May 2021, Amsterdam, NL/online
• Schaefer, R.S. (2019). Effects of syncopation and repetition on beat clarity, liking, and urge to move. Proceedings of 17th Rhythm Perception and Production Workshop, June 2019, Traverse City, MI, USA
• Schaefer, R.S. (2018). Moving to music: Neural, cognitive and behavioral findings. Goldsmith Music, Mind, and Brain anniversary event, May 2018, London, UK (key note speaker)
• Schaefer, R.S. (2018). Auditory and Visual Imagery: Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience. Kosmos workshop on Visual imagery and Mindwandering in Music, May 2018, Berlin, DE (invited speaker)
• Schaefer, R.S. & Hamilton, A.S.A. (2018). Music-supported motor learning: Behavioral learning and cue dependence. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, July 2018, Graz, Austria
• Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Cognitive effects of music listening in healthy elderly: Considering arousal and familiarity. Federation for European Societies of Neuropsychology, September 2017, Maastricht, NL
• Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Reconsidering cognitive effects of music listening: Evaluating the Arousal-Mood Hypothesis over the life span. European Society for Cognition of Music, July 2017, Ghent, BE
• Van Egmond, E. & Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Cognitive aspects of cued movement precision. European Society for Cognition of Music, July 2017, Ghent, BE (supported by SEMPRE and LUF funds)
• Van Ditzhuizen J. & Schaefer, R.S. (2017). The effect of music listening on the cognitive performance of older adults: Does familiarity matter? European Society for Cognition of Music, July 2017, Ghent, BE (supported by SEMPRE funds)

posters, since 2015
• Derks-Dijkman, M.W., Schaefer, R.S., Stegeman, M.L., Van Tilborg, I.D.A., & Kessels, R.P.C. (2023). Effects of musical presentation on verbal working memory span in aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment: It goes with a swing. Federation of European Neuropsychological Societies, Annual Meeting. September 2023, Thessaloniki, Greece
• Mudarris, M. A & Schaefer, R.S. (2023). The role of cognitive-motor interference in rhythmic auditory stimulation. 17th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC17), August 2023, Tokyo, Japan
• Schaefer, R.S. & Hoogerland, N. (2023). The power of music: Expectations of music as an analgesic. 17th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC17), August 2023, Tokyo, Japan
• Coers, M., Palumbo, A., & Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Movement sonification mappings: Liking, motivation, intuitiveness. 17th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC17), August 2023, Tokyo, Japan
• Derks-Dijkman, M.W., Schaefer, R.S., Stegeman, M.L., Van Tilborg, I.D.A., & Kessels, R.P.C. (2023). Effects of musical presentation on verbal working memory span in aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment: It goes with a swing. Nederlandse Verening voor Neuropsychologie, voorjaarsbijeenkomst 2023, Nijmegen, NL
• Mudarris, M.A. & Schaefer, R.S. (2023). Musical training may not enhance cognitive-motor integration in healthy young adults. International Neuropsychological Society Annual Meeting, February 2023, San Diego, US
• Coers, M., Granot, R., Spitz, D., & Schaefer, R.S (2021). Individual differences in use of music as emotional coping style in times of crisis. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Mudarris, M.A. & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Dissociations between familiarity and preference ratings of music for healthy young and older adults. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Williams, S., Van Ketel, J.E., & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Musical practice with External Focus: Effects of attention on musicians’ skill acquisition. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Kuijper, L. Lee, C.S., & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Effects of rhythmic complexity on liking and urge to move: Investigating syncopation and repetition. ICMPC16/ESCOM11, July 2021, Sheffield, UK/online
• Mudarris, M.A. & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Predictors of exerted force in a music-cued sensorimotor synchronization task. Neuromusic VII meeting, June 2021, Aarhus, DK/online
• Perschl, J., Schneider, L., Schaefer, R.S., & Fritz, T. (2021). Brief working memory increases after music-feedback exercise in people with stroke. Neuromusic VII meeting, June 2021, Aarhus, DK/online (supported by LUF funds)
• Kuijper, L. Lee, C.S., & Schaefer, R.S. (2021). Effects of rhythmic complexity on liking and urge to move: Investigating syncopation and repetition. Locomus meeting, May 2021, Amsterdam, NL/online
• Coers, M., Granot, R., Spitz, D., & Schaefer, R.S (2021). Individual differences in use of music as emotional coping style in times of crisis. Locomus meeting, May 2021, Amsterdam, NL/online
• Mudarris, M.A. & Schaefer, R.S (2021). Cognitive abilities, subjective factors, and musical properties that predict tapping force in young and older adults. Locomus meeting, May 2021, Amsterdam, NL/online
• McGowan, N. & Schaefer, R.S. (2019). The experience of speed when tapping to polyrhythms: an artistic and scientific research project. Proceedings of 17th Rhythm Perception and Production Workshop, June 2019, Traverse City, MI, USA
• Korsmit, I.R., Stevers, D., Roché, M., & Schaefer, R.S. (2018). Complexity in musical rhythms: beat content, liking, and urge to move. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, July 2018, Graz, Austria
• Floridou, G.A., Den Hartog, A., Coers, M., & Schaefer, R.S. (2018). Neural correlates of movement cued with heard and imagined music. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, July 2018, Graz, Austria
• Gosman, M., Demirel, M., Kal, E., Geerse, D., van der Kamp, J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2017) Cognitive aspects of explicit and metaphorical movement instruction in older adults. Federation for European Societies of Neuropsychology, September 2017, Maastricht, NL
• Coers, M., Myles, D., & Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Musical EMDR: Music, arousal and emotional processing in EEG. Federation for European Societies of Neuropsychology, September 2017, Maastricht, NL
• Floridou, G.A., Peerdeman, K.J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2017). Spontaneous and voluntary imagery across the life span. European Society for Cognition of Music, July 2017, Ghent, BE
• Coers, M., Myles, D., De Bruin, J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2016). Musical EMDR: Music, arousal and emotional processing in EEG. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, San Francisco, July 2016
• Overboom, T., Verheijen, J., De Bruin, J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2016). Music liking, arousal and cognition. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, San Francisco, July 2016 (supported by SEMPRE funds)
• Pietroniro, J., De Bruin, J., & Schaefer, R.S. (2016). Metaphor use in skilled movement: Music performance, dance, and athletics. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Music Perception and Cognition, San Francisco, July 2016
• Schaefer, R.S., Morcom, A.M., Roberts, N., & Overy, K. (2015). fMRI measures of moving to auditory rhythm. ESMRMB 2015, Edinburgh, UK.
• Schaefer, R.S., Broadway, J., Garcia, J., Schooler J., & Protzko, J. (2015). Latent cognitive correlates of timing abilities. International Society for Intelligence Research Annual Conference, Albuquerque, NM.
• Tarampi, M, Khanukayev, B., & Schaefer, R.S. (2015). Imagine That: The relationship between imagery measures and imagery types. Annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci) 2015, UC Merced.
• Moore, E.V., Schaefer, R.S., Bastin, M., Roberts, N., & Overy, K. (2015). Four weeks of musically-cued motor training induces structural changes in the arcuate fasciculus. British Neuroscience Association’s Festival of Neuroscience 2015, Edinburgh, UK

Symposia
• SAGE JRF workshop 2014: Coordinating research on coordination, Multidisciplinary methods for research on social coordination (co-organized with Matthew Gervais, Corina Logan, and Margaret Tarampi)
• Symposium at the International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC13), Seoul, South Korea, 2014: Musical movement: effects of cueing and feedback
• Symposium at the International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC12), Thessaloniki, Greece, 2012: Classification as a tool in probing neural mechanisms of music perception, cognition, and performance (co-organized with Shinichi Furuya)

PhD Theses
• Williams, S. (2019). Finding Focus. Academy of Creative and Performing Arts, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Available at https://www.researchcatalogue.net/view/497578/497694
• Schaefer, R.S.  (2011). Measuring the mind’s ear: EEG of music imagery. Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. <full pdf, 12MB>